Monthly Archives: September 2025

Uterine Fibroids: Prevalence, Symptoms, and Impact on Women’s Health

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There has been so much talk about fibroids lately. If you are wondering what it’s all about and if it affects you, this article is for you.

Uterine fibroids, medically known as leiomyomata, are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system. These tumors originate from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus and can grow in various locations within and around the uterine wall. Fibroids may present as a single tumor or multiple growths and can range in size from microscopic to large masses that distort the shape of the uterus (1).

These tumors affect a significant portion of women in their reproductive years, with prevalence estimates ranging from 15% to 30% (1). Epidemiological studies reveal notable racial differences, with uterine fibroids occurring two to three times more frequently in Black women than in White women (2). By the age of 50, it is estimated that as many as 50% of Black women will have developed uterine leiomyomata, underscoring the considerable racial disparity in disease occurrence (2).

Although uterine fibroids are asymptomatic in about half of affected women, they can cause a variety of symptoms when they do become clinically significant. Common symptoms include menorrhagia, or heavy menstrual bleeding, which can lead to anemia if left untreated. Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstrual cramps, is also frequently reported. In addition, fibroids may cause abdominal swelling or a sensation of pelvic fullness or pressure, which can interfere with daily activities. Large fibroids may exert pressure on adjacent organs such as the bladder or rectum, leading to urinary frequency, constipation, or discomfort (2).

In some cases, uterine fibroids are associated with reproductive challenges, including infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and complications during pregnancy such as preterm labor. The impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes depends largely on the size, number, and location of the fibroids (1).

Uterine fibroids are a common gynecological tumor worldwide, but they pose a particularly significant health concern in Nigeria and other African countries, where access to diagnostic and treatment options may be limited. Early diagnosis and management are crucial in reducing the burden of symptoms and improving women’s quality of life (2).

Treatment options for uterine fibroids vary based on symptom severity, size and number of fibroids, patient age, and reproductive plans. They range from conservative management and medical therapies to surgical interventions such as myomectomy or hysterectomy. Minimally invasive procedures like uterine artery embolization and newer therapies also offer alternatives to traditional surgery (1).

In summary, uterine fibroids are common benign tumors that affect a large proportion of women, particularly in their reproductive years. The condition’s higher prevalence in Black women and its impact on symptoms and reproductive health highlight the importance of awareness, early diagnosis, and tailored management strategies to support women’s health globally.

References

  1. Baird DD, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins D, Schectman JM. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(1):100-107.
  2. Okogbenin SA, Okonofua FE. Uterine leiomyomata in Nigerian women: prevalence and clinical features. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1993;22(3):153-158.

Do You Understand Your Skin? A Closer Look at Black Skin and Why It Matters

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The skin is the largest organ in the human body. It breathes, absorbs, excretes, and protects. Yet, despite being such a vital part of our health and identity, most people don’t fully understand their skin — especially how it differs based on ethnicity, environment, and individual needs.

Understanding your skin isn’t just about beauty or appearance — it’s about health. Today, how we look can significantly influence our confidence, self-identity, and, in some unfortunate cases, even job opportunities. So, ask yourself: do you truly understand your skin?

Let’s break it down.

The Structure of the Skin

There are three main layers of the skin:

  1. Epidermis – the outermost layer, responsible for skin tone and acting as the first line of defense.
  2. Dermis – the middle layer, rich in collagen and elastin. It contains blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles and plays a key role in temperature regulation and sensation.
  3. Subcutaneous (fatty) tissue – the deepest layer, providing insulation and cushioning for internal organs.

Each layer plays a unique role in maintaining your skin’s function and overall health. The primary role of the skin is protection — it shields us from infections, toxins, and environmental stress. However, the skin itself is not immune to damage. It can be affected by infections, lesions, trauma, and chronic skin conditions — many of which manifest differently depending on your skin type and ethnicity.

Why Ethnicity Matters in Skin Care

There is a growing need to highlight how skin conditions present differently in people of color, particularly Black/African skin. Unfortunately, due to lack of training and awareness in dermatology, many of these conditions go misdiagnosed or untreated, leading to worsened outcomes.

Black skin is unique in several ways:

  • Melanin levels: Black skin has a higher melanin content, which provides natural protection from the sun but also makes it more prone to hyperpigmentation.
  • Melanosome distribution: Unlike in lighter skin, where melanin is grouped in certain areas, Black skin has melanin spread throughout the entire epidermis.
  • Hair follicle structure: The curved structure of hair follicles in Black skin contributes to conditions like Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (PFB) — often mistaken for acne, this occurs when curly hairs grow back into the skin.

Common Skin Conditions in Black Skin

While many skin conditions affect all ethnicities, Black skin is more prone to certain issues — and they can often appear differently than in lighter skin tones:

1. Hyperpigmentation

Excess melanin can lead to dark patches or spots, often following inflammation, acne, or skin injury. This condition is more persistent and noticeable in darker skin.

2. Acne

While common in all skin types, acne in Black skin is more likely to lead to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, leaving behind dark spots long after the breakout has cleared.

3. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae (PFB)

Also known as ingrown hairs, PFB is particularly common among Black and Hispanic individuals due to the curved nature of the hair shaft. It often presents as bumps that are mistaken for acne or infection.

4. Eczema

Also known as atopic dermatitis, eczema tends to be more severe in Black individuals and can present as darker, thicker patches compared to its red and inflamed appearance in lighter skin.

5. Keloids

These raised scars form as a result of an overproduction of collagen during healing. Black skin is more susceptible to keloid formation, especially following cuts, piercings, or surgery.

The Problem with Misdiagnosis

Many of these conditions are either overlooked or misdiagnosed in Black individuals due to a lack of education and representation in dermatological research and training materials. For example, skin conditions in textbooks are often shown only on lighter skin, leading to missed early signs and improper treatment for people with darker skin tones.

This not only affects physical health but can also have psychological and emotional impacts.

What Needs to Change

There’s an urgent need for:

  • Increased research into skin conditions affecting people of color.
  • Better training for healthcare professionals in identifying and treating skin conditions in diverse populations.
  • Public education to empower individuals with the knowledge to understand and advocate for their skin health.

Final Thoughts

Your skin is more than just a surface — it’s a dynamic organ that deserves attention, care, and understanding. Especially for Black and African individuals, acknowledging the unique aspects of your skin can lead to better health outcomes and a stronger sense of identity.

Let’s stop treating skin as one-size-fits-all.

Understand your skin. Advocate for your health. And let’s push for a future where every skin tone is seen, studied, and supported.