There has been so much talk about fibroids lately. If you are wondering what it’s all about and if it affects you, this article is for you.

Uterine fibroids, medically known as leiomyomata, are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system. These tumors originate from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus and can grow in various locations within and around the uterine wall. Fibroids may present as a single tumor or multiple growths and can range in size from microscopic to large masses that distort the shape of the uterus (1).

These tumors affect a significant portion of women in their reproductive years, with prevalence estimates ranging from 15% to 30% (1). Epidemiological studies reveal notable racial differences, with uterine fibroids occurring two to three times more frequently in Black women than in White women (2). By the age of 50, it is estimated that as many as 50% of Black women will have developed uterine leiomyomata, underscoring the considerable racial disparity in disease occurrence (2).

Although uterine fibroids are asymptomatic in about half of affected women, they can cause a variety of symptoms when they do become clinically significant. Common symptoms include menorrhagia, or heavy menstrual bleeding, which can lead to anemia if left untreated. Dysmenorrhea, or painful menstrual cramps, is also frequently reported. In addition, fibroids may cause abdominal swelling or a sensation of pelvic fullness or pressure, which can interfere with daily activities. Large fibroids may exert pressure on adjacent organs such as the bladder or rectum, leading to urinary frequency, constipation, or discomfort (2).

In some cases, uterine fibroids are associated with reproductive challenges, including infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and complications during pregnancy such as preterm labor. The impact on fertility and pregnancy outcomes depends largely on the size, number, and location of the fibroids (1).

Uterine fibroids are a common gynecological tumor worldwide, but they pose a particularly significant health concern in Nigeria and other African countries, where access to diagnostic and treatment options may be limited. Early diagnosis and management are crucial in reducing the burden of symptoms and improving women’s quality of life (2).

Treatment options for uterine fibroids vary based on symptom severity, size and number of fibroids, patient age, and reproductive plans. They range from conservative management and medical therapies to surgical interventions such as myomectomy or hysterectomy. Minimally invasive procedures like uterine artery embolization and newer therapies also offer alternatives to traditional surgery (1).

In summary, uterine fibroids are common benign tumors that affect a large proportion of women, particularly in their reproductive years. The condition’s higher prevalence in Black women and its impact on symptoms and reproductive health highlight the importance of awareness, early diagnosis, and tailored management strategies to support women’s health globally.

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References

1. Baird DD, Dunson DB, Hill MC, Cousins D, Schectman JM. High cumulative incidence of uterine leiomyoma in black and white women: ultrasound evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;188(1):100-107.
2. Okogbenin SA, Okonofua FE. Uterine leiomyomata in Nigerian women: prevalence and clinical features. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1993;22(3):153-158.